My Git learning notes

Git Basic

• Git Help
  • $ git help
  • $ git help config
• Setting up git
  • $ git config –global user.name “xxx”
  • $ git config –global user.email “xxx@xxx.com”
  • $ git config –global color.ui true
• Starting a Repo
  • $ git init
  • Work flow:
    • create file aaa.txt
    • add aaa.txt to staging area
    • commit changes
    • modify aaa.txt
    • add aaa.txt to staging area
    • commit changes
  • $ git status : watch the status
  • $ git add aaa.txt : add the modified file into staging area
  • $ git commit -m “hahaha!”
  • $ git add aaa.txt bbb.txt : add two files to staging area
    $ git add –all
    $ git add *.txt : add all txt files in current directory
    $ git add docs/*.txt
    $ git add docs/
    $ git add “*.txt” : add all txt files in the whole project
  • $git commit -m “hahahaha!”
• Timeline History
  • $ git log

Staging & Remotes

• Viewing staged differences
  • $ git add aaa.txt
  • $ git diff
  • $ git diff –staged : View staged differences
• Unstaging files
  • $ git status
    $ git reset HEAD xxx.txt
• Discard Changes
  • $ git status
    $ git checkout — xxx.txt : Blow away all changes
• Skip staging and commit
  • $ git commit -a -m “hahaha” : add changes from all tracked files
• Undoing a Commit
  • $ git reset –soft HEAD^ : Undo last commit, put changes into staging
  • $ git reset –hard HEAD^ Undo last commit and all changes
  • $ git reset –hard HEAD^^ Undo last 2 commits and all changes
• Adding to a commt
  • $ git commit –amend -m “jajaja…”
• Git Remote
  • $ git remote
  • $ git remote -v
  • $ git remote add origin https://….
• Pushing to Remote
  • $ git push -u origin master
• Pulling from Remote
  • $ git pull: pull = fetch + merge
• Working with the remotes
  • $ git remote add <name> <address>
  • $ git remote rm <name>
  • $ git push -u <name> <branch>

Cloning & Branching

• Cloning repo
  • $ git clone <adress>
  • $ git clone <adress> <my folder>
• Branching out
  • $ git branch miaomaio : create branch
  • $ git branch
• Switching to a Branch
  • $ git checkout miaomiao
  • $ git add mimi.txt
  • $ git commit -m “hehe”
• Merge a branch
  • $ git checkout master
  • $ git log
  • $ git merge miaomaio
• Delete a Branch
  • $ git branch -d miaomiao
• Create and  checks out a branch
  • $ git checkout -b ruru
• Fast-forward merging and recursive merging

Collaboration

• different git commits
  • $ git pull
  • $ git push
  • $ git log
  • $ git merge

Remote branch

create remote branch

• git checkout -b mybranch
• git push origin mybranch

pushing to the banch

• git add myfile
• git commit -a -m “push file to my branch”

pulling new branches

• git pull
• git branch
• git branch -r
• git  checkout shopping_cart
• git branch

Remote show

• git remote show origin

removing a branch

• git push origin :shopping_cart

On deleted remote branch

• git remote prune origin

Remote branch names

• git push heroku-staging staging:master

Tagging

• git tag : list all tags
• git checkout v0.0.1
• add new tag
  • git tag -a v0.0.3 -m “version 0.0.3”
• to push new tags
  • git push –tags

Rebase

git fetch

git rebase

git rebase –continue

git rebase –skip

git rebase –abort

Local branch rebase

• git checkout admin
• git rebase master
• if all goes well, merge master
  • git checkout master
  • git merge admin

Conflict

• git fetch
• git rebase

 

History & Configuration

Viewing the log

• git log

Colorizing the log

• git config –global color.ui true
• git log
• git log –pretty=oneline

Log format

• git log –pretty=format:”%h %ad- %s [%an]”
  • %h sha hash
  • %ad author date
  • %an auther name
  • %s subject
  • %d ref names
• git help config: for more inoformation

patch

• git log –oneline -p

stats

• git log –oneline –stat
• git log –oneline –graph

data ranges

• git log –until=1.minute.ago
• git log –since=1.day.ago
• git log –since=1.hour.ago
• git log –since=1.month.ago –until=2.weeks.ago
• git log –since=2000-01-01 –until=2012.12-21

Diffs

• git diff = git diff HEAD
• git diff HEAD^
• git diff HEAD^^
• git diff HEAD~5
• git diff HEAD^..HEAD

Earlier commits

• git diff f5a6sdfsfsdfsdfff9..4sdsdfsdfsdfsdffb063f
• git diff 4fb063f..f5a6ff9
• git diff master bird
• git diff –since=1.week.ago –until 1.minute.ago

Blame

• git blame index.htm –date short : list a history of a file

Excluding files

• got the the directory:
  .git/info/exclude
• put the folder unter the exclude directory

Exclude patterns

• tutorial.mp4
• *.mp4
• experiments/
• logs/*.log

Excluding from all copies

• in File: .gitignore
  logs/*.log

Removing files

• git rm README.txt: Deteled from the local filesystem & untracked
• git commit -m “Remove readme”

Untracking files

• git rm –cached development.log
• In file: .gitignore
  logs/*.log
• git add .gitignore
• git commit -m “Ignore all log files.”

Config

• git config –global user.name “Gregg Pollack”
• git config –global user.email “gregg@codeschool.com”
• git config –global core.editor emacs
• git config –global merge.tool opendiff

Local config

• git config user.email “spamme@example.com”
• git config –list
  show thd config list
• git config user.email

Aliases

• git config –global alias.mylog “log –pretty=format:’%h %s [%an]’ –graph”
  • git mylog
• git config –global alias.lol “log –graph –decorate –pretty=oneline –abbrev-commit –all
  • git lol
• git config –global alias.st status
• git config –global alias.co checkout
• git config –global alias.br branch
• git config –global alias.ci commit
  • git st